Solar Team Eindhoven will present its latest solar car in July and participate in the World Solar Challenge in Australia in October 2019. Here a student of the TU Eindhoven in discussion with dr Peter Harrop.
[tue.nl] – ‘We want to show that solar cars are the solution in the energy transition’
[worldsolarchallenge.org] – World Solar Challenge Australia 2019
[deepresource] – LightYear Solar One Goes in Production
Dutch onshore wind capacity grew with 94 MW in 2018.
Dutch wind installation 31-12-2018:
Offshore: 0.957 GW
Onshore: 2.647 GW
Total: 4.130 GW
Goal 2020: 6.0 GW
Note these figures are nameplate (max values).
Average Dutch electricity consumption: 13 GW
The green bars indicate which part of the 2020-target has been realized. The Zeeland province is almost there, Drenthe is lagging behind.
– Offshore windparks Borssele I&II (750 MW) are expected to come online in 2020, Borssele III&IV (750 MW) in 2021.
– Offshore windparks Hollandse Kust Zuid I&II (750 MW) are expected to be completed in 2022.
– After that Hollandse Kust III&IV (750 MW) and Hollandse Kust Noord I&II (750 MW) are next, no closed tenders yet.
– Between 2024-2030 IJmuiden Ver (4 GW) will be next. After 2030, massive expansion further North up until the Doggerbank is definitely an option, enabling the Netherlands to become an energy exporter once again.
By that time storage and energy island will need to be taken into consideration, like a pumped-hydro facility at the Doggerbank and hydrogen electrolysis (cost half a cent per kWh renewable electricity, resulting in a price of stored chemical energy of ca. 6 cent/kWh).
Currently renewable electricity in the Netherlands from solar is 20% of that of wind.
[windenergie-magazine.nl] – Further growth onshore wind in 2018
Nordex N131 3 MW
Turbines: 45 Nordex N131 3 MW
Completion data: 2020
[windenergie-magazine.nl] – Start construction activities Drentse Monden Oostermoer
[drentsemondenoostermoer.nl] – Project site
[nordex-online.com] – N131/3000 (3.0 megawatts)
[Google Maps] – Location
Ameland, 6 MW
The Netherlands has 3.7 GW nameplate solar power, but the grid in its present shape can’t absorb much more new power and network operators refuse to take solar power from larger parties, like companies or private associations. Private households are still welcome. The problem is the largest in the North of the country, where land prices are relatively lower and much private money is available for new solar parks. It could take years to install new cable capacity.
[nos.nl] – Geen plek voor nieuwe zonneparken op stroomnetwerk
[nos.nl] – geen nieuwe zonneparken, het net kan het niet aan
[vk.nl] – Het netwerk is te krap
Perhaps the parties that are shunned by the grid should contemplate producing hydrogen off-grid:
In preparation:
– Hoogezand-Sappemeer, 103 MWp
Ontwikkeld door Zonnepark Midden Groningen B.V.. Nog niet gerealiseerd.
– Borsele, 55 MWp
Ontwikkeld door Solarpark Scaldia B.V.. Nog niet gerealiseerd.
– Steenwijkerland, 51.3 MWp
Ontwikkeld door Herbo Groenleven B.V.. Nog niet gerealiseerd.
– Heerenveen, 51.3 MWp
Ontwikkeld door Herbo Groenleven B.V.. Nog niet gerealiseerd.
– Tynaarlo, 32.06 MWp
Ontwikkeld door Herbo Groenleven B.V.. Nog niet gerealiseerd.
– Delfzijl, 30.8 MWp
Ontwikkeld door Sunport Delfzijl BV. Inmiddels gerealiseerd.
[zonopkaart.nl] – Map of solar projects in Holland, realized and planned
Frisian village Garyp is self-sufficient with largest solar park in the Netherlands
Underwater noise produced by the BLUE Hammer is approximately 20 dB lower than noise produced by conventional hydraulic hammers. Lower noise levels result in lower environmental loads, reducing the costs for noise mitigation and making noise mitigation unnecessary in most conditions.
[fistuca.com] – Company site
[tue.nl] – Noise reduction by new piling technology
[offshorewind.biz] – Blue hammer strikes at maasvlakte-2
[offshorewind.biz] – BLUE Hammer Completes Offshore Test
[offshorewind.biz] – BLUE Hammer Driving Piles In Quietly
[offshorewind.biz] – Sif Showcases First BLUE Hammer Steel
[offshorewind.biz] – Huisman Takes Piece of Pile Driving Specialist
[portofrotterdam.com] – BLUE Piling drives monopiles into the sea bed the smarter way
The Carver presented at Top Gear in 2011 was the gasoline version, of which at least 500 were produced and sold for 42,000 euro. In 2015 there were Chinese plans to produce the vehicle, didn’t happen. Now an e-version is out, produced in the country of origin, Holland.
Price: €7,990,-
Range: 90 km
Battery: 5.3 kWh
Weight: 330 kg
Top-speed: 185 kmh, formula-1 feeling comes included
(Just kidding, that was the original Carver One like the one in the Top Gear video, the e-version does merely 45 kmh in order to keep it in the scooter range; in some Asian countries 60 kmh will be possible, according to local legislation. There is no inherent design limitation to a speed of just 45 kmh, it is just that the producers want to market this vehicle as a scooter first, with lower legal admission hurdles)
Storage: 75 liter
Average Dutch commuting distance: 34 km. Dutch holidays: 6 weeks, which leaves 46 working weeks = 230 working days or 7,820 km. Efficiency: 90 km/5.3 kWh = 17 km/kWh. Yearly commuting electricity consumption: 7820/17 = 460 kWh. In grey, rainy Holland the relationship between a solar panel peak-Watt and yearly yield = 0.85. A standard 280 Watt panel produces per year 280 x 0.85 = 238 kWh. In other words, in order to produce the electricity to keep a Carver going for commuting, you merely need TWO solar panels extra on your roof!
It is high time that we draw conclusions from the simple fact that the average occupation rate of a car is merely 1.25. These standard 5 seats are massive overkill and so are the 1200 kg or so that the average 5-seat car weighs (in Europe, do not get us started about the US).
Vehicles like these could be a serious alternative to autonomous vehicles. The Carver could be autonomous too. Perhaps the passenger seat should be dropped for more battery capacity.
[carver.earth] – Company site
[wikipedia.org] – Carver (automobile)
[autorai.nl] – Carver keert terug, ook in Nederland!
[autoblog.nl] – Carver One keert terug, bouwt fabriek in Friesland
[of.nl] – Carver opent assemblagefabriek in Leeuwarden
[carver.earth] – Jobs at Carver
[pinterest.com] – Carver One images
TNO, a Dutch independent technical research institution, has written a report making an inventory of all possible means to achieve the official Dutch government goal of building energy neutrality by 2050.
[rijksoverheid.nl] – TNO-rapport TNO 2017 R10936 Inventarisatie (markt-)doorbraak technologieën voor een energie-neutrale gebouwde omgeving
[wikipedia.org] – Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
[topsectorenergie.nl] – Contouren van een Routekaart Waterstof
[topsectorenergie.nl] – Outlines of a Hydrogen Roadmap
Seat Dutch government The Hague
Vision document of the Dutch minestry of economic affairs and climate regarding the Dutch offshore wind policy.
For footnoots, see link to the online version.
[english.rvo.nl] – Offshore Wind Energy Roadmap 2030 (2018)
Ministerie van Economische Zaken en Klimaat
Subject: Offshore Wind Energy Roadmap 2030
Dear Madam President,
The Dutch North Sea has the potential to play a significant role in achieving the national contribution to the goals of the Paris climate agreement and the necessary sustainable development of our energy supply towards 2050. A number of crucial steps toward achieving this were set out in the Energy Agreement of 2013.1 The basis for the Netherlands’ long-term energy policy was laid down in the Energy Report,2 the subsequent Energy Dialogue3 and the Energy Agenda.4 In the Coalition Agreement, the Dutch Government will continue to develop that policy and will be actively pursuing the implementation thereof.
The current realisation of offshore wind energy under the Energy Agreement has seen and, until 2023, will continue to see crucial steps being taken for the sustainable development of the Dutch energy supply. The prospect of five calls for tender has given market participants the confidence to invest and has altered risk perception. This has resulted in a major reduction in costs. The Government wishes to retain the market’s confidence and the current momentum and intends to issue the remaining calls for tender for the Energy Agreement within the next two years to complete the Offshore Wind Energy Roadmap 2023.5
At the same time, the national government wishes to take the next step to further develop offshore wind energy for the period 2024 to 2030, and wishes to kick off preparations for this endeavour. To that end, this letter contains the key elements for an Offshore Wind Energy Roadmap for the period 2024 to 2030. In this way, I am honouring the commitment I made to the House during the General Consultation on Energy of 18 January.6
[drten.nl] – Dr Ten official site
[betterworldsolutions.eu] – Factory sea salt batteries
[wikipedia.org] – Salt water battery
[mt.nl] – Zeezoutbatterij tot 3 keer goedkoper dan normale
Energieopslag zal een steeds groter rol gaan spelen in onze energievoorziening. De technologie voor opslag wordt ieder jaar goedkoper, de behoefte aan (snelle) flexibiliteit neemt gestaag toe en de marktmechanismen voor handel in flexibiliteit worden steeds beter.
Kortom, uit een modern energiesysteem is energieopslag niet meer weg te denken.
Toch laat Nederland kansen liggen om de waarde van energieopslag ten volle te benutten voor een betrouwbaar, betaalbaar en duurzaam energiesysteem.
Het Nationaal Actieplan Energieopslag legt de vinger op de zere plekken en geeft suggesties voor het wegnemen van de belemmeringen. Als we door het wegenemen van deze belemmeringen snel een aantrekkelijke thuismarkt creëren, zullen innovatieve technologie- en energiebedrijven hiervan profiteren en de huidige achterstand kunnen omzetten in een voorsprong die wereldwijd verzilverd kan worden!
[energystoragenl.nl] – Nationaal Actieplan Energieopslag (pdf, 32p)
[energystoragenl.nl] – Nederlandse koepelorganisatie energie opslag
Waarom hebben wij deze toekomstvisie ontwikkeld? TenneT werkt continu aan een betrouwbaar en adequaat hoogspanningsnet. Om goed in te spelen op de behoeftes van de Nederlandse maatschappij, publiceren wij iedere twee jaar een Kwaliteits- en Capaciteitsplan. Hierin blikken we zeven jaar vooruit naar de mogelijke aanpassingen die we moeten uitvoeren om de levering van elektriciteit in de toekomst veilig te stellen. Dit plan vormt de basis voor eventuele uitbreiding op de middellange termijn.
Het ontwikkelen en realiseren van hoogspanningsverbindingen over grotere lengtes en daarmee samenhangende nieuwe stationslocaties duren geregeld langer dan zeven jaar. Dit komt door de procedures en daarbij behorende voorbereiding. Het ontwikkelen van nieuwe centrales (“de vraag”) daarentegen vergt slechts 3 tot 5 jaar.
Aangezien de toezichthouder niet toelaat dat wordt “voorgeïnvesteerd”, de jaarlijkse monitoring onvoldoende tijdig investeringsplannen van marktpartijen weergeeft, maar de samenleving wél verwacht dat nieuwe eenheden tijdig kunnen worden aangesloten, is het vormen van een robuust beeld van het toekomstige net noodzakelijk. Met een dergelijk beeld kan in een vroege fase worden begonnen met voorbereidingen.
Daarom is een tijdig beeld van mogelijke toekomstige ontwikkelingen en daarmee samenhangende knelpunten nodig. Een analyse van de langetermijnontwikkelingen van de Nederlandse elektriciteitsvoorziening is daarbij van belang. Met deze Visie2030 geven we hier invulling aan.
We willen met onze langetermijnvisie op de netinfrastructuur bovendien adequaat inspelen op de door de samenleving gewenste transitie naar een duurzame energievoorziening.
[tennet.eu] – Visie2030, een langetermijnvisie van TenneT op het 380 kV en 220kV deel van het landelijke elektriciteitstransportnet.
The shallow Dutch part of the North Sea is 50% larger than the country itself and is in the process of becoming its new energy province. Where the country itself effectively has become more or less a city state, with little room for further economic expansion, now the North Sea is next. Think new airports, think tens of thousands of large wind turbines, think energy islands, stink storage reservoirs, think pipelines for hydrogen, cables to connect European countries and in the worst case even sub-sea coal gasification.
Deltares is an independent institution that, among others, explores the North Sea, its soil composition, waves, etc., and help to exploit the North Sea for economic development.
[nl.wikipedia.org] – Deltares
[deltares.nl] – Institute site
Dutch surface water could provide for 12% of Dutch space heating and 54% of refrigerating needs.
[deltares.nl] – Studying opportunities for energy from surface water
[wur.nl] – Combining water and energy supply
[xylem.nl] – Energie uit oppervlaktewater (EOW)
[rijkswaterstaat.nl] – Thermische energie uit oppervlaktewater
[technischweekblad.nl] – Energieopslag in ondergrond
[deingenieur.nl] – Pleidooi voor grootschalige energieopslag
[energystoragenl.nl] – Visiedocument Grootschalige Energieopslag
[energystoragenl.nl] – Nationaal Actieplan Energieopslag Samenvatting (2016)
[energystoragenl.nl] – Nationaal Actieplan Energieopslag (2016)
[parlementairemonitor.nl] – Brief minister over de mogelijkheden van grootschalige opslagsystemen in het Nederlandse Elektriciteitssysteem – Voorzienings- en leveringszekerheid energie
(Dutch government memorandum about large scale energy storage in the Netherlands, 2008)
Master thesis of Lucas de Vilder (2017), Technical University Delft in the Netherlands, exploring the possibility of a large scale inverse pumped hydro storage facility in the middle of the North Sea at the Dutch part of the Doggerbank. The idea is to build a ring dike of typically 40 meter high for pumped hydro energy storage purpose. The facility would be “inverse”, meaning that the dike would hardly be elevated above sea level. The required altitude difference between sea level and reservoir level is achieved by digging a deep basin rather than building a high dike.
Spoiler: For a preferred 25GWh storage capacity and 2.65GW of installed power the LCOS may vary from 68.2€/MWh to 19.0€/MWh of which 40€/MWh is found the most realistic. At an average Dutch power consumption of 13 GW, the storage facility would contain the equivalent of 2 hours of Dutch electricity consumption and could be released in 10 hours. The cost would be 3-18 times lower per unit of energy compared to batteries and power-to-gas.
A US study has shown that with 4-8 hours of storage you can cover 55% renewable energy. Let’s assume 6 hours. 13 GW average Dutch power means that 6 hours correspond to 6 hours x 13 GW = 78 GWh. In a graph below it is claimed that the cost of a 80 GWh storage is ca. 4 billion euro. For a country like Holland with an expected GDP of 888 billion euro in 2019 and public debt below 60%, that is absolutely doable. With such a storage in place, the Netherlands can roll out its intended 2 x 7 GW monster offshore wind projects “with two fingers in the nose” and buy a decade or so time to wait for longer duration storage solutions to emerge, most likely hydrogen or derivative ammonia. 80% or more efficiency at electrolysis of steam, rather than water, has already been realized.
[repository.tudelft.nl] – Offshore Pumped Hydropower Storage
(Link contains possibility to download pdf)
[wikipedia.org] – Dogger Bank
The COBRA sub-sea cable interconnector between Denmark and the Netherlands is nearing completion and operations will begin early 2019. Another leg of the European Supergrid will have been realized.
[cobracable.eu] – Project site
[wikipedia.org] – COBRA cable
[deepresource] – Construction Started COBRA Cable Netherlands-Denmark
[deepresource] – European Supergrid Submarine Cables – Inventory & Plans
Overview of the largest fossil fuel power stations in the Netherlands with an output larger than 500 MW. All of them are to be phased out by 2050. A few of them could survive as refactored hydrogen/ammonia/methanol-fueled power stations, to even out intermittent renewable energy supply.
Dutch post-war electricity consumption. Since 2006 consumption is steady at 120 TWh. Note that the Netherlands currently consumes 3 times as much as in 1970. We were already happy then. Should put to rest the notion that eternal economic growth is the only way to salvation.
Dutch electricity production capacity. 20 GW “centraal” in large power stations, the rest “decentraal”, locally produced: generators, wind, solar, biomass.
[cbs.nl] – Elektriciteit in Nederland (2015)
Eemshaven, coal-1560 MW
[nl.wikipedia.org] – Eemshavencentrale
